How does Tanzania's electoral system work?


Tanzania operates under a first-past-the-post electoral system, where both the president and vice president are elected directly through a simple majority popular vote. They serve terms of five years, which can be renewed once.

  The election scheduled for October 29, 2025, is somewhat unique as the current President Samia Suluhu Hassan is participating in her inaugural presidential election. She ascended to the presidency following the passing of President John Magufuli in 2021. Samia, who is the first female leader of Tanzania, previously served as his deputy. Tanzania maintains a distinctive relationship with the semi-autonomous island of Zanzibar, located off the eastern coast. Although the mainland and Zanzibar have been united as the United Republic of Tanzania since 1964, there are significant differences between the two regions in terms of population, colonial history, religious composition, and economic conditions. For instance, Zanzibar's population is approximately 1.9 million, which is part of Tanzania's overall population of 68 million. About 98 percent of the people in Zanzibar are Muslim, whereas around 63 percent of the total Tanzanian population identifies as Christian. Consequently, out of the 264 members of parliament elected to represent various constituencies, 214 seats are allocated to the mainland and 50 to Zanzibar. Additionally, women are granted 113 extra seats in parliament, which are filled through indirect elections by their respective political parties. Who are the potential candidates for the presidency? Seventeen candidates and their respective parties have officially declared their intention to run. However, Samia, representing the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party, stands as the only candidate recognized on a national level, while the two primary opposition parties, Chadema and ACT-Wazalendo (Alliance for Change and Transparency), have been prohibited from participating. Furthermore, prominent candidates from both opposition parties have also been disqualified from contesting in the election.

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